Mesopotamia is important to all of culture. They invented many that contributed to the world. They made early government.
Social- class system, family hierarchy, culture, traditions, clothing, music, etc.
Two cultural groups form the principle elements in the population of Mesopotamia before the beginning of history and in the millennium thereafter (the 3rd millennium BC). These are the Sumerians and the Akkadians. They lived peacefully together. Mesopotamian sources in all periods seem to be free of strong racial ideologies or ethnic stereotypes.
Political- government, leaders, laws, political hierarchy, diplomacy, foreign policy, wars, expansion, resources, economy, etc.
But the king was the supreme authority and always wielded enormous power. If a fisherman or an overseer was ordered up by the king and he failed to turn up or sent a hireling, there was every chance he would have been put to death and ended up losing his property. But those were tough times and ancient as well and the laws of Mesopotamia were comparatively just.
Religious- Polytheistic or Monotheistic, belief systems, traditions, customs, holidays, etc.
The people of Mesopotamia relied on their gods for every aspect of their lives, from calling on Kulla, the god of bricks, to help in the laying of the foundation of a house, to petitioning the goddess Lama for protection, and so developed many tales concerning these deities. The myths, legends, hymns, prayers and poems surrounding the Mesopotamian gods and their interaction with the people introduced many of the plots, symbols and characters which modern-day readers are acquainted with
Intellectual- Inventions, mathematics, science, language, equality, (NEW IDEAS), etc.
There were many Mesopotamian languages spoken by the people and they ranged from the Akkkadian to the Semitic and Sumerian. People in ancient Mesopotamia also spoke Elamite, Eblaite and Phoenician as well. The script used was known as cuneiform and excavation unearthed revealed the use of clay tablets on which the wedge shaped writing was common.
Technology-Systematic Farming, Writing, Tools/Weapons, Navigation/Instruments, etc.
Writing was considered a virtue and scribes were respected because they possessed this virtue. Mesopotamians also brought into being the system of schooling. The chosen child would undergo education from the age of eight. He was to undergo training until the age of 20 and called the scribe thereafter.
Environment-water/land features, natural borders, protections, climate, animals, resources, etc.
Fertile Crescent as the name suggests means land rich in soil and crescent meaning in shape of a new moon, is a region in western Asia. History knows this region as Mesopotamia the land between two rivers, a land of forests complimented by the two rivers that ran within its boundaries.